Purpose
The study was to develop a Clinical Nurses' Job Crafting Scale (CN-JCS) and examines its validity and reliability. Methods: Data were collected from 423 clinical nurses working in general hospitals. The CN-JCS was developed according to DeVellis’s step sclae development guidelines. The CN-JCS was assessed for content validity, construct validity, item convergence/discrimination, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors and 20 items were selected. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the model fit was good. The Conceptual reliability was greater than .70 and average variance extracted value was greater than .50, indicating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was confirmed through correlations between the CN-JCS, psychological empowerment and work engagement. The scale’s reliability was established with a Cronbach's alpha of .90. The CN-JCS employs a 5-point Likert scale across 20 questions, gauging aspects such as giving meaning to work, changing the structure of work, exploring and communicating, pursuing relationship change, and positive attitude toward change. Conclusion: The CN-JCS can be used to accurately assess the job craft of clinical nurses, and the measured level can be used as baseline data to improve awareness and education of nurses’ job craft.

Purpose
This study examined the effects of role conflict, work environment, and meaning of work on job embeddedness among physician assistants to provide foundational data for their retention and professional development. Methods: A descriptive survey was conducted with 180 physician assistants from six tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Chungcheong Province. Data were collected from July to November 2022. Role conflict, work environment, meaning of work, and job embeddedness were measured using validated scales. Data were analyzed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 with descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Job embeddedness correlated positively with meaning of work (r=.28, p<.001) and work environment (r=.22, p=.002) and weakly with role conflict (r=.14, p=.045). Multiple regression identified meaning of work (B=0.32, p<.001), role conflict (B=0.13, p=.005), work environment (B=0.14, p=.018), and work type (B=-3.95, p=.004) as significant predictors (Adj. R²=19.8%). Meaning of work had the greatest impact. Conclusion: Enhancing job embeddedness among physician assistants requires improving the work environment, clarifying professional roles, and strengthening professional recognition and organizational support.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the impact of clinical nurses’ grit and nursing work environment on job enthusiasm and provide basic data for system improvement to maintain and secure nursing personnel. Methods: Data were collected online from July to August 2022 targeting 210 clinical nurses at three general hospitals located in Jeollabuk-do. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 program. Results: Job enthusiasm exhibited statistically significant differences according to age (F=5.20, p=.006) and presence of children (F=0.95, p<.001). Furthermore, job enthusiasm showed statistically significant positive correlations with grit (r=.64, p<.001) and the nursing work environment (r=.49, p<.001). The following factors were found to affect job enthusiasm: having children (β=.26, p<.001), grit (β=.46, p<.001), nursing work environment (β=.33, p<.001), and age over 40 (β=.16, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that an internal motivation strengthening program that promotes grit should be developed and applied to increase work enthusiasm among clinical nurses. Additionally, hospital organizations should prepare various policies to improve the nursing work environment.

Purpose
This study aimed to compare and identify factors affecting delirium nursing stress among nurses in comprehensive nursing care service wards and general wards.
Methods
Using structured questionnaires, data were collected from 230 nurses working in two tertiary university hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 27.0.
Results
The average delirium nursing stress score for nurses in comprehensive nursing care service wards was 2.98±0.30 out of 4 points, which was significantly higher than 2.89±0.29 points for nurses in general wards (t=2.17, p=.031). Factors influencing delirium nursing stress among comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses included nursing work environment (β=-.58, p<.001) and conflicts with medical staff and other departments related to delirium patients (β=.24, p=.006), explaining power of 44% (F=12.13, p<.001). For general ward nurses, the nursing work environment(β=-.39, p<.001) was the main influencing factor, explaining power of 17% (F=3.93, p<.001).
Conclusion
Both types of nurses require improvements in their work environment. Strategies to reduce conflict between medical staff and other departments are essential in comprehensive nursing care service wards.