Purpose
The study was to develop a Clinical Nurses' Job Crafting Scale (CN-JCS) and examines its validity and reliability. Methods: Data were collected from 423 clinical nurses working in general hospitals. The CN-JCS was developed according to DeVellis’s step sclae development guidelines. The CN-JCS was assessed for content validity, construct validity, item convergence/discrimination, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors and 20 items were selected. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the model fit was good. The Conceptual reliability was greater than .70 and average variance extracted value was greater than .50, indicating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was confirmed through correlations between the CN-JCS, psychological empowerment and work engagement. The scale’s reliability was established with a Cronbach's alpha of .90. The CN-JCS employs a 5-point Likert scale across 20 questions, gauging aspects such as giving meaning to work, changing the structure of work, exploring and communicating, pursuing relationship change, and positive attitude toward change. Conclusion: The CN-JCS can be used to accurately assess the job craft of clinical nurses, and the measured level can be used as baseline data to improve awareness and education of nurses’ job craft.

PURPOSE
Purposes of this study were to develop a Nurse Emotional Labor Strategy Scale in Korean (K-NELSS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.
METHODS
The 14 items Emotional Labor Strategy Scale (ELSS) was translated into Korean and modified to apply to nurses. Two hundred and fifty nurses working in various units completed the questionnaire. Factor validity using confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity using correlation with burn-out, and criterion validity using correlation with Korean-Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS) were identified. Reliability was tested by Cronbach's α.
RESULTS
K-NELSS has 3 domains: surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions. Confirmatory factor analysis showed moderate goodness of fit (RMSEA=.80, SRMR=.07, CFI=93, TFI=.92). Correlation between surface acting and burn-out was r=.37 (p < .001), and between K-NELSS and K-ELS were r=.57 (p < .001) in surface action and r=.62 (p < .001) in deep acting. Cronbach's αs for surface acting, deep acting, and expression of naturally felt emotions were .89, .88, .84, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Psychometric properties of K-NELSS indicate that it is a useful and reliable tool to assess emotional labor of Korean nurses. In addition, with a small number of items, it is relatively easy to use.

Citations

• Psychological pathway to emotional exhaustion among nurses and midwives who provide perinatal bereavement care in China: a path analysis
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  BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Level and Outcomes of Emotional Labor in Nurses: A Scoping Review
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  Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Emotional Labor and Compassion Competence on Dental Hygiene Performance in Dental Hygienists
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  Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(2): 79.     CrossRef
• Emotional Labor Strategies, Stress, and Burnout Among Hospital Nurses: A Path Analysis
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  Journal of Nursing Scholarship.2020; 52(1): 105.     CrossRef
• Emotional labor and job types of male firefighters in Daegu Metropolitan City
  Sung Kyu Park, Han Cheol Heo, Joon Sakong, Man Joong Jeon
  Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef